{ "scale": { "createBy": "admin", "createTime": "2025-12-14 14:47:04", "updateBy": "", "updateTime": null, "remark": null, "scaleId": null, "scaleCode": "抑郁自评量表SDS", "scaleName": "抑郁自评量表(SDS)", "scaleEnName": "", "scaleType": "psychological assessment", "scaleVersion": "1.0", "scaleIntro": "抑郁（depression）是一种感到无力应付外界压力而产生的消极情绪，并伴有厌恶、痛苦、羞愧、自卑等情绪体验。被抑郁情绪困扰的人常常表现为：情绪低落、思维迟缓、郁郁寡欢；丧失兴趣、缺乏活力，不愿社交，干什么都打不起精神，对生活缺乏信心，体验不到欢乐，食欲减退，失眠等。从外部观察可见表情冷漠，倦怠疲乏。性格内向孤僻，多疑多虑，不爱交际，生活中遇到意外打击、长期努力得不到报偿的人容易陷入抑郁状态。长期处于抑郁状态易导致抑郁症。\n\t《抑郁自评量表》（Self-Rating Depression Scale，SDS）是由美国杜克大学医学院的William W. K. Zung于1965年编制的，是目前应用最广泛的抑郁自评量表之一，能够有效地反映抑郁状态的轻重程度及其在治疗中的变化情况。\n\t《抑郁自评量表》（SDS）由20个陈述句组成。每一条目相当于一个有关症状，按1-4级评分。评定时间跨度为最近一周。20个条目反映抑郁状态四组特异性症状：1. 精神性-情感症状，包括抑郁心境和哭泣；2. 躯体性障碍，包含情绪的日间差异、睡眠障碍、食欲减退、性欲减退、体重减轻、便秘、心动过速和易疲劳；3. 精神运动性障碍，包含精神运动性迟滞和激越；4. 抑郁的心理障碍，包含思维混乱、无望感、易激惹、犹豫不决、自我贬值、空虚感、反复思考自杀和不满足。\n《抑郁自评量表》（SDS）评分不受年龄、性别、经济状况等因素的影响，并且操作方便，容易掌握，因而应用十分广泛，可用于心理咨询中判断来访者的抑郁程度，也可特别应用于综合医院以发现抑郁症病人。", "scaleDescription": "下面是对你可能存在的一些感受的描述，请仔细阅读每一条，然后根据你最近一个星期以内的实际感觉，选择最符合你的一项描述。如果你发现题目中所描述的情形很少出现，请选择A选项；如果题目中描述的情形仅在有些时候出现，则选择B选项；如果题目中描述的情形在大部分时间里出现，请选择C选项；如果题目中的描述在绝大部分时间里都会出现，则选择D选项。\n　　请注意以下几点：\n　　所有题目都没有“正确答案”，请根据读完每一句子后的第一印象填答。\n　　虽然没有时间限制，但应尽可能地争取以较快的速度完成。\n　　请不要遗漏，务必回答每一个问题。", "itemCount": 20, "estimatedTime": 10, "targetPopulation": "一般人群", "author": "", "source": "", "reference": "", "status": "0", "sortOrder": 0, "sourceType": "scale", "originalId": null }, "factors": [ { "factor": { "createBy": "admin", "createTime": "2025-12-14 14:47:04", "updateBy": "", "updateTime": null, "remark": null, 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