{ "scale": { "createBy": "admin", "createTime": "2025-12-14 14:47:03", "updateBy": "", "updateTime": null, "remark": null, "scaleId": null, "scaleCode": "Beck抑郁问卷", "scaleName": "Beck抑郁问卷", "scaleEnName": "", "scaleType": "psychological assessment", "scaleVersion": "1.0", "scaleIntro": "抑郁症是一种危害人类身心健康的常见心理疾病，约13～20％的人一生中曾有过抑郁的体验，其中终生患病的概率为6.1～9.5％。抑郁症的症状因人而异，根据临床严重程度可有轻度、中度、重度抑郁不等。专家们认为，随着人们生活压力的加大和工作节奏的加快，会有更多的人感到紧张、疲劳和郁闷，加上经济拮据、失业和下岗等因素，发病率会进一步增加。抑郁症的发病年龄绝大多数处于工作年龄段，严重的抑郁症中有15％的人会自杀而死。也就是说，抑郁症既可以影响人们的工作，又可能危及生命。\n其实，多数人在一生中会有或长或短的时间生活在抑郁中，抑郁的心境是一种忧伤、悲哀或沮丧情绪的体验，也就是我们常说的“不快活”。它不仅与许多精神和躯体疾病有关，而且与社会和外部环境的许多因素有密切的关系。如：贫困、失业、婚姻问题、家庭不和、年老和伤残等均可诱发抑郁症。有抑郁心境的人经过适当的自我调整和心理治疗，是可以纠正的。只有当抑郁心境发展到一定程度，具备抑郁症的基本特征，并持续一段时间，影响到自己的学习、工作和生活时，才成为抑郁症。也就是说，抑郁不等于抑郁症，但抑郁不及时调整和治疗，是可以发展成为抑郁症的，因此评价抑郁程度对于维护个人的身心健康是非常重要的。\nBeck抑郁量表(BeckDepressionInventory,BDI)是国外临床心理学中最广泛地用于评估正常成年人（18——60岁）抑郁状况的量表。该量表在我国的心理学基础研究以及实践评估中亦有广泛的用途。有研究者曾报告过该量表在中国被试中应用时具有良好的信度和效度。Beck(1967)将抑郁表述为21个“症状－态度类别”，Beck量表的每个条目便代表一个类别。这些类别包括：心情、悲观、失败感、不满、罪恶、惩罚感、自厌、自责、自杀意向、痛哭、易激惹、社会退缩、犹豫不决、对自己外表的看法、完成工作（或其他任务）的主动性、睡眠障碍、疲劳、食欲下降、体重减轻、有关躯体的观念与性欲减退。被测试者可根据描述来选择与自己的情况最为接近的选项，本量表的目的在于评价抑郁的严重程度。", "scaleDescription": "本测试由21个题目组成，请仔细阅读每个题目，然后在每个内选择最适合您现在情况的一项描述。这些题目用于测试您的个人情况，没有对错之分，请您根据实际情况进行选择。\n请注意以下几点： 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